副詞：用來(lái)說(shuō)明事情發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式等含義或說(shuō)明其它形容詞或副詞程 度的詞叫做副詞。1、副詞的分類(lèi)：(見(jiàn)下表)時(shí) 間 副 詞頻度副詞地點(diǎn)/方位副詞程度副詞方式副詞疑問(wèn)/連接副詞其他副詞today, tomorrow,yesterday, now,then, early, late,once, soon, just,tonight, long,already, yet,before,ago, later, eversinceafter, wheneverfirst, someday,sometime, last,once,twice,always,usually,often,sometimes,never,(seldom),ever,here, there,home, below,anywhere,above, outside,in, inside, out,back, up,down,away, off, far,near, nearby,wherevereverywhere,very, too,enough,rather,quite,how, so,much, just,nearly, onlyalmost,hardly,as long as等,even, all,a little, a bitwell,hard,alone,fast,together,suddenly,-ly結(jié)尾的副詞how,where,when,why,whetherhowever, etc.too, also,nor, so,as, on,off,either,yes, no,not, neithermaybe,perhaps,certainly,關(guān)系副詞where,why, howwhen,2、副詞在句子中的位置以及作用： ⑴作狀語(yǔ)： ①時(shí)間副詞：一般放在句首或句尾,注意,early、late、before、later、yet等一般放在句 尾,already、just一般放在動(dòng)詞的前面。如：We will visit the Great Wall tomorrow.(我們明天要 去參觀(guān)長(zhǎng)城)/ They have already been to the UK twice.(他們?nèi)ミ^(guò)英王國(guó)兩次)/ Soon the lostboy found his way back home.(不久迷路的孩子找到了回家的路) ②頻度副詞：一般放在 be 動(dòng)詞之后或者助動(dòng)詞與主要?jiǎng)釉~之間,但sometimes、often等還 可以放在句首或句尾,usually可放在句首,once可放在句尾,twice、three times等一般放在句 尾。如：Sometimes I get up early.( 我有時(shí)起得早 )/ The workers usually have lunch at thefactory.(工人們通常在廠(chǎng)里吃午飯)/ Take this medicine twice a day.(這種藥一天吃?xún)纱? ③方式副詞：一般放在行為動(dòng)之后,suddenly可以放在句首、句尾或動(dòng)詞之前。如：Old peoplecan hardly walk as quickly as young people.( 老年人幾乎不可能走得和年輕人一樣快 )/Suddenly he saw a light in the dark cave(山洞).(突然,在黑黢黢的山洞里,他看見(jiàn)了一絲亮光) ④地 點(diǎn) 副 詞： 一般放在句尾,但here、there還可放在句首。如：There you can seethousands of bikes running in all directions(方向).(在那里,你可以看到成千上萬(wàn)的自行車(chē)朝各 個(gè)方向流動(dòng))/ The frightened wolf ran away.(受到驚嚇的狼逃開(kāi)了)/ He walked out quietly andturned back soon.(他悄悄地走了出去,很快又返回) ⑤程度副詞：修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí),放在動(dòng)詞之前;修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí),放在形容詞或副詞之前。但 注意,enough總是放在被修飾的形容詞或動(dòng)詞的后面;only位置比較靈活,總是放在被修飾 的詞的前面。如：I nearly forgot all about it if he did not tell me again.(如果他不再次告訴我, 我?guī)缀醢涯鞘氯?/ It was so strange that I could hardly believe my ears.(它那么奇怪一直 我都不能相信我的耳朵)/ She got to the station early enough to catch the first bus.(她早早地趕 到車(chē)站趕上了首班車(chē)) ⑥疑問(wèn)副詞：用于對(duì)句子的狀語(yǔ)進(jìn)行提問(wèn),位置總是在句首。如：When and where wereyou born?(你何時(shí)何地出生?)/ Why did little Edison sit on some eggs?(小愛(ài)迪生為什么要坐 在雞蛋上?)/ How do you do?(你好!) ⑦連接副詞：用來(lái)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句,在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。How I am goingto kill the cat is still a question.( 我打算怎樣殺死那只貓還是個(gè)問(wèn)題)/ That is why everyone isafraid of the tiger.(那就是人人都害怕老虎的原因)/ He wondered how he could do it the nextday.(他不知道第二天怎樣做那事) ⑧關(guān)系副詞：用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。如：This is the place where Mr Zhang oncelived.(這就是張先生曾經(jīng)住過(guò)的地方)/ Please tell me the way how you have learned English sowell.(請(qǐng)告訴我你的英語(yǔ)是怎樣學(xué)得這么好的方法) ⑨其它副詞：too“也”,用在句尾;also放在動(dòng)詞前;either“也不”,放在句尾;nor“也不”, 放在句首;so“如此,這樣”,放在形容詞、副詞前;on/off“開(kāi)/關(guān)”放在動(dòng)詞之后;not放 在 be 之后、助動(dòng)詞之后、不定式或動(dòng)名詞之前;maybe/perhaps放在句首;certainly放在 句首或動(dòng)詞之前。如：He went to the Palace Museum and I went there,too.(他去了故宮博物 院,我也去了)/ Maybe your ticket is in your inside pocket.(也許你的票就在你的里邊衣袋里)/--Tom doesn’t have a computer. –Nor do I.(湯姆沒(méi)有計(jì)算機(jī),我也沒(méi)有。) (2)作表語(yǔ)：地點(diǎn)副詞一般可以作表語(yǔ),放在be等連系動(dòng)詞之后,說(shuō)明人物所處的位置。如：I’mvery sorry he isn’t in at the moment.( 很抱歉 , 他此刻不在家 )/ I have been away from myhometown for nearly 20 years.(我離開(kāi)家鄉(xiāng)有將近 20 年了)/ Jim is over there.(吉姆就在那邊)(3)作定語(yǔ)：時(shí)間副詞(如 now、then)以及許多地點(diǎn)副詞都可以作名詞的定語(yǔ),放在名詞的后 面。如：People now often have their festival dinners at restaurants.(現(xiàn)在的人們經(jīng)常在餐館里 吃節(jié)日晚宴)/ Women there were living a terrible life in the 1920s.(在二十世紀(jì) 20 年代那兒的 女人過(guò)著可怕的日子) (4) 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：地點(diǎn)副詞一般可以作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：Put your dirty socks away, Jim!They are giving out bad smell!(吉姆,把你的臟襪子拿開(kāi)!它們?cè)谏l(fā)著臭氣。)/ Father kepthim in and doing his lessons.(父親把他關(guān)在家里做作業(yè)) [注意] “動(dòng)詞+副詞”的賓語(yǔ)如果是代詞,則該副詞應(yīng)該放在代詞之后。如：He wrote down theword.(他寫(xiě)下了那個(gè)詞。)→He wrote it down.(他把它寫(xiě)了下來(lái)。) 3、有關(guān)副詞的重要注釋?zhuān)孩臿s…as…常構(gòu)成一些詞組：as soon as…(一旦…就…),as well as…(同樣),as+形容詞/副詞 +as possible(盡可能……地)。如：Please ring me up as soon as you get to Beijing.(請(qǐng)你一到北 京就給我寫(xiě)信。)/ Miss Gao hurried to the school gate as quickly as possible.(高小姐盡快地趕 到了校門(mén)口。)[注釋]“as long / much as+ 名詞”可以表示“長(zhǎng)達(dá)/多達(dá)…”的含義。如：The house costsas much as five hundred thousand yuan.( 那幢房子花費(fèi)高達(dá) 50 萬(wàn)元。)/ They stayed in thecave(山洞)as long as two weeks.(他們呆在山洞里長(zhǎng)達(dá)兩周。) ⑵later、after、ago、before的用法：①“一段時(shí)間+later/ago”分別表示“(多久)以后/以前”, 主要用于過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。②“after/before+某個(gè)時(shí)刻”分別表示“在某時(shí)刻之后/之前”,此時(shí)兩個(gè)詞 是介詞。③ago與before：ago只能用于過(guò)去時(shí),before用于完成時(shí)。如：He had an accidenta week ago.(一周前出了一個(gè)事故)/ Some years later, the boy became a very famous singer.(數(shù) 年后這個(gè)男孩成了著名的歌唱家)/ Have you been there before?(你從前到過(guò)那兒?jiǎn)?)/ Aftera few years he gave up smoking.(過(guò)了幾年他戒了煙。) ⑶above、below、over、under的用法：在上下方用above和below,在高低處用over和under. 如：The stars are high above in the sky.(星星高掛在空中)/ A plane flew over quickly.(一架飛 機(jī)從頭頂飛過(guò)。) 當(dāng)above、below、over、under是介詞性質(zhì)時(shí),意義相似。 ⑷too、also、either、nor的用法：too(“也”)用于肯定句和疑問(wèn)句的末尾,且用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi);also(“也”)用于肯定句句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前;either(“也”)用于否定句末尾,也用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi);nor“(也不”)用于倒裝句句首;如：Are you American,too?(你也是美國(guó)人嗎?)/ He is not happyand I am not happy, either.(他不愉快,我也不。)/ He didn’t watch the football game. Nor didI.(他沒(méi)有看足球賽,我也沒(méi)有。)/ You can also find the market is very good.(你還可以發(fā)覺(jué)那個(gè) 市場(chǎng)很好。) ⑸enough、too、so、very、quite、very much的用法：enough(“足夠,十分”)放在形容詞或 副詞之后;too(“太”)、very(“非常”)、quite(“相當(dāng)”)、so(“如此地”)等放在形容詞 或副詞之前,very much(“非常”)放在動(dòng)詞之后。如：It’s too/so/very/quite expensive.(它太貴 /那么貴/非常貴/相當(dāng)貴。)/ I don’t like sweets very much.(我不很喜歡糖果)[注意]very與much的區(qū)別：very修飾形容詞、副詞的原級(jí)和現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞,much修 飾形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí);much還可以修飾疑問(wèn)句和否定句中的動(dòng)詞,very不可以。如：He is very stupid.(他很笨)/ The film was very moving and everyone swept.(電影非常動(dòng)人,大家 都哭了)/ You must work much harder or you will fail to enter the good school.(你得學(xué)習(xí)更努力, 不然你考不進(jìn)那所好學(xué)校)/ I don’t like him much.(我不太喜歡他) ⑹sometimes、sometime、some times、some time的用法：sometimes(有時(shí))用于一般現(xiàn)在 時(shí)、sometime(在將來(lái)某時(shí))用于將來(lái)時(shí)、some times(數(shù)次)表示次數(shù)、some time(一些時(shí)間) 表示一段時(shí)間。如：Sometimes they go hiking in the mountains.(他們有時(shí)徒步旅行到山里去)/I will stay here some time.(我會(huì)在這兒呆些時(shí)候的。)/ I will meet your father sometime.(我什 么時(shí)候要見(jiàn)見(jiàn)你的父親。) ⑺how、what用于感嘆句的用法：對(duì)句子中的形容詞或副詞感嘆時(shí)用how,對(duì)人或事物(可 能含有形容詞作修飾語(yǔ))進(jìn)行感嘆用what.如：What a fine day (it is) today!(今天天氣真好!)/ How difficult (the problem is)!((問(wèn)題)真難呀!) ⑻already、yet的用法：在完成時(shí)中,already一般用于肯定句,yet一般用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。 如：Have you done it already?(你已經(jīng)做好了?)/ I have not had my breakfast yet.(我還沒(méi)有吃 早飯呢。) ⑼hard與hardly的用法：hard作為副詞意思是：“努力地,猛烈地”,hardly是否定詞,意思 是：“幾乎不”,一般與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/could連用。如：They study English very hard.(他們英語(yǔ) 學(xué)得很刻苦)/ You can hardly see a person spit in a public place.(在公共場(chǎng)所你幾乎看不到一 個(gè)人隨地吐痰) ⑽like...very much、like...better(=prefer)、like...best的用法：三個(gè)短語(yǔ)分別表示“非常喜歡”、 “更喜歡”、“最喜歡”。如：I like baseball very much.(我非常喜歡棒球)/ Do you likebutter better than cheese?(/ They like hamburgers best.⑾“quite/what+a+形容詞+ 名詞” 的用法：記住：①quite/such/what...+a+形容詞+ 名詞;②too/so/how+形容詞+a+名詞;③rather+a+形容詞+名詞 =a+ rather+形容詞+名詞。如：I havenever seen such a strange guy(家伙).(我從未見(jiàn)過(guò)這樣奇怪的家伙)/ It is quite a nice day for awalk.(這真是散步的好日子) ⑿how的幾個(gè)短語(yǔ)：how often“多常,每隔多久”,用于一般時(shí)態(tài),對(duì)表示頻度的詞語(yǔ)進(jìn)行提問(wèn);how soon“多久以后”,用于將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài);how long“多久”,用于過(guò)去時(shí)、完成時(shí)或其他時(shí)態(tài);how many times“多少次”,用于過(guò)去時(shí)或完成時(shí),對(duì)總計(jì)次數(shù)進(jìn)行提問(wèn);how much“多么,多少”,對(duì)程度進(jìn)行提問(wèn),也可以對(duì)數(shù)量(不可數(shù))或金錢(qián)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。如：How long haveyou been like this?(你這樣已經(jīng)多久了?)/ How often does he wash his face?(他每隔多久洗一 次臉?) ⒀much、more與most 的用法：這三個(gè)詞除了是形容詞作名詞的修飾語(yǔ)之外,還是程度副 詞,much表示“很”,修飾原級(jí)形/副,more表示“更”用來(lái)構(gòu)成多音節(jié)形/副的比較級(jí),most表 示“最”用來(lái)構(gòu)成多音節(jié)形/副的最高級(jí)。此外,much 也可以修飾比較級(jí)形/副。如：Thispark is much more beautiful than that one.( 這 個(gè) 公 園 比 那 個(gè) 漂 亮 多 了 )/ It is the mostinstructive film I have ever seen.(這是我看過(guò)的最有教育意義的電影) ⒁no more、no longer、not...any more、no...any longer的用法：表示時(shí)間,可以用no longer、not...ny more、no...any longer,而且no longer只能放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前;表示程度,可以用nomore、not...any more.如：He no longer lived there.(他不再住在那里)/ Tom wanted no morecakes.(他不想再要蛋糕)/ He didn’ t smoke any more/longer.(他不再抽煙) ⒂ 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中,方式副詞一般放在 be 與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間。如：The runner was badly hurt.(賽 跑運(yùn)動(dòng)員受了重傷)/ English is widely spoken in the world today.(如今世界上英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得很廣泛) ⒃too...to...與so...that...的問(wèn)題：副詞too/so后面跟形容詞或副詞,to后面跟動(dòng)詞,that后面跟從 句。Too...to...(“太.……以致不……”)是否定的結(jié)構(gòu),用于簡(jiǎn)單句;so...that...(“如此…以致…”) 是肯定結(jié)構(gòu),用于復(fù)合句。如：The child is too young to join the army.(這孩子年齡太小還不能參 軍)/ He is so strong that he can lift the heavy box.(他這么強(qiáng)壯,搬得動(dòng)那個(gè)重箱子。) ⒄ 既是形容詞也是副詞的單詞有：early, late, long, last, next, first, near, enough, much, all,hard, alone, fast, slow, high, low, straight等等。如：It was a long holiday.(那是個(gè)長(zhǎng)假)/ Hestayed there very long.(他在那兒呆了好久)/ Think hard then you will find a way.(好好想你就會(huì) 找到辦法)/ He is a very hard(難對(duì)付的)person.(他是個(gè)難玩的家伙)⒅farther與further的用法區(qū)別：表示地點(diǎn)、方向或距離時(shí)兩個(gè)詞同義,意思為“更遠(yuǎn)、較 遠(yuǎn)”,但是further還表示“更多、進(jìn)一步、額外”等意思,此時(shí)不能換為farther. 如：Theydecided to go farther/further the next day.(他們決定第二天走得再遠(yuǎn)些)/ This problem will befurther discussed.(這個(gè)問(wèn)題還要進(jìn)一步討論)/ Every one of them had their further studies afterthey left college.(他們每個(gè)人大學(xué)畢業(yè)后繼續(xù)進(jìn)修) ⒆rather與quite的用法區(qū)別：同very一樣,兩個(gè)詞都表示形容詞或副詞的程度,quite表示 “不到最高程度但是比預(yù)料的好”,rather比quite更接近very的含義,含有令人驚訝的意 思。見(jiàn)下圖對(duì)“nice”程度的描繪：nicenot nice (fairly) nice quite nice rather nice very如：It’s quite a nice film.(這是部好片子)。(可能意味著不是一部最好的電影) /It’s rathera nice film.(這是部很不錯(cuò)的電影。)(意味著比大多數(shù)電影都好)[注意]注意 quite 與 rather 后面的次序詞序。 ⒇maybe、possibly、perhaps的區(qū)別：maybe“可能、也許”,比另外兩個(gè)詞更不正式、更隨 便、可能性不大;possibly“可能地、或者、也許”,可能性較大,在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中表示“無(wú) 論如何”;perhaps“可能”,較為常用而且正式,可能性也不大。如：You could put it overthere,maybe.(也許你可以把它放在那邊)/ I couldn’t possibly have finished such a long book insuch a short time.(我不可能在這么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成這么長(zhǎng)的一本書(shū))/ I thought perhaps it wasthe letter you have been expecting.(我以為那也許就是你期盼的信件) (21)most、mostly的區(qū)別：most作為形容詞和名詞時(shí)意思是“大多數(shù)的、大部分的”,作為副 詞時(shí)意思為“最,十分、很”;mostly僅為副詞,意思為“主要地、多半地、大部分地”。 如：I was at home most of the time when I was free.( 我有空時(shí)大部分時(shí)間都在家)Mostchildren are naughty.(大部分的孩子都淘氣)/ This is the most exciting part of the film.(這是電 影中最令人興奮的部分)/She is mostly out on Sundays.(星期天她一般不在家) (22)(be) worth、(be) worthy of的區(qū)別：worth一般被看作是介詞,后面接名詞或者動(dòng)名詞,用主動(dòng) 表示被動(dòng)含義,還可以用副詞well修飾;worthy of表示“值得的、配得上的”,后面跟動(dòng)名詞的 被動(dòng)形式。如：What is worth doing at all is worth doing well(凡是值得做的,就值得好好去做). /The house is worth￥300,000.( 房子價(jià) 值 30 萬(wàn) 元 )/ This book is well worth reading severaltimes.(這本書(shū)值得好好讀幾遍)/ It is a thing worthy of being seen.(這是一個(gè)值得看的東西) (23)almost、nearly的區(qū)別：兩個(gè)詞意思相近,都表示“幾乎、將近”,大多數(shù)情況下可以互換, 與否定詞連用時(shí)用almost不用nearly.almost no相當(dāng)于hardly any(幾乎沒(méi)有)。如：He haddone almost nothing today.(他今天幾乎沒(méi)有干什么)/ We are almost/nearly there.(我們幾乎就 到那里了)/ Almost nobody/Hardly anybody understood his words.(幾乎沒(méi)有人懂他的話(huà)) (24)a bit與a little的區(qū)別：這兩個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)經(jīng)常當(dāng)作副詞使用,修飾形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)或比較級(jí),可以互換,語(yǔ)氣比rather弱。如：This digital camera is a bit(a little) expensive.(這臺(tái)數(shù)碼相機(jī)有點(diǎn)貴)/ It is a little(a bit) colder thanyesterday.(今天比昨天冷了點(diǎn)) 另外,a little可以直接加不可數(shù)名詞,a bit則采用“a bit + of+名詞(不可數(shù)或可數(shù)名詞復(fù) 數(shù))”的形式。如：I have got a bit of a cold.(我有點(diǎn)感冒)/ Go and get a little water for me,please.(請(qǐng)你去給我搞點(diǎn)水來(lái))[注意]not a bit(=not at all)意為“根本不”,而not a little則意為“非常,不是一點(diǎn)”。3、形容詞、 副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)1、分類(lèi)：形容詞和副詞有原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)三級(jí)。 原級(jí)變?yōu)楸容^級(jí)和最高級(jí)有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。2、規(guī)則變化:(1)單音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)形容詞和副詞,在原級(jí)的后面加上er,est構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。a)直接加er,est：b)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的,要雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)輔音字母,后加er,est：c)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的,先把y改為i再加上er,est：(2)兩個(gè)音節(jié)或兩個(gè)以上的音節(jié)的,在原級(jí)前加more / most.3、不規(guī)則變化:原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí)good好的better更好的best最好的well好;(身體)好的,bad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地; (身體)更不舒服的worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地;ill(身體)不舒服的 (身體)最不舒服的many許多的(可數(shù))more更多的;更most最多的;最much許多的(不可數(shù));非常主語(yǔ)(‘A’) +謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞/+ than +第二個(gè)人物(‘B’) +….主語(yǔ)(第一個(gè)人物) +謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+ as +形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+ as +第二個(gè)人物) +謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(否定式) + as / so +形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+ as +第二個(gè)人物+….主語(yǔ)(第一個(gè)人物little少的less更少的least最少的far遠(yuǎn)的;遠(yuǎn)地farther更遠(yuǎn)的;更遠(yuǎn)地farthest最遠(yuǎn)的;最遠(yuǎn)地further進(jìn)一步的(地)furthest最深刻的(地)4、形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法：(1)講述某人/物自身的情況時(shí),用原級(jí)。基本句型是：主語(yǔ)(sb./sth) +謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+(very/too/so/quite/rather…) +形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+….如：He is very old now.(他現(xiàn)在很老了)/ They ran quite fast.(它們跑得相當(dāng)快)/The weather looks rather bad.(天氣看上去相當(dāng)糟)/ I am so happy!(我是如此的快樂(lè)) ☆表示兩者之間沒(méi)有差別時(shí),使用句型：+….如：He is as excited as his younger sister.(他和他妹妹一樣興奮)/ Lily rode herbike as slowly as an old lady.( 莉莉騎車(chē)像老太太一樣慢 )/They picked as many apples as thefarmers (did).(他們摘的蘋(píng)果和農(nóng)民一樣多) ☆表示第一個(gè)人比不上第二個(gè)人時(shí),使用句型： 如：He is not so / as excited as his younger sister.(他沒(méi)他妹妹那么興奮)/ Lily didnot ride her bike so / as slowly as an old lady. (莉莉騎車(chē)不像老太太那樣慢) /They didn’t pickso / as many apples as the farmers (did). (他們摘的蘋(píng)果不如農(nóng)民多) (2) 講述兩者有差異,第一個(gè)人物超過(guò)第二個(gè)人物時(shí),用比較級(jí)。基本句型： 主語(yǔ)(‘A’)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+(much/a little/even/still)+形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)+than+第二個(gè)人物(‘B’)+….如：A modern train is much faster than a car.( 現(xiàn)代的火車(chē)比轎車(chē)快多了)/ Thisbook didn’t cost me more than that one.(這本書(shū)花費(fèi)我的錢(qián)不比那本多) 講述兩者有差異,第一個(gè)人物不及第二個(gè)人物時(shí),用比較級(jí)。句型是：+less+(多音節(jié)形 副)比較級(jí)如：I think English is less difficult than maths.(我認(rèn)為英語(yǔ)不比數(shù)學(xué)難)/ Do youthink it less important to learn a foreign language?(你認(rèn)為學(xué)外語(yǔ)不那么重要嗎?) (3)講述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一個(gè)時(shí),用最高級(jí)。句型是：主語(yǔ)(sb./sth) +謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+(the) +形容詞/副詞最高級(jí)+in / of ….如：The Changjiang River is the longest in China.(長(zhǎng)江是中國(guó)最長(zhǎng)的河流)/ Hejumped (the) highest of the three (boys).(三個(gè)男生中他跳得最高)4、關(guān)于比較等級(jí)的重要注釋?zhuān)?、以上六個(gè)句型中,如果動(dòng)詞是及物或不及物動(dòng)詞,則后面用副詞;如果后面是連系動(dòng)詞,則 后面用形容詞。如：This car is the fastest of the four.(形容詞)(這輛汽車(chē)是四輛之中最快的)/This car runs (the) fastest of the four.(副詞)(這輛汽車(chē)是四輛之中跑得最快的) 2、“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”表示“越來(lái)越……”。如：The weather is getting warmer andwarmer.(天越來(lái)越溫暖了) 3、“the+比較級(jí)…,the+比較級(jí)…”表示“越…就越…”。如：The more trees we plant,thebetter it will be.(我們?cè)缘臉?shù)越多,情況就會(huì)越好)/ The harder you try,the greater your progressis.(你越是努力,進(jìn)步就越大) 4、一般的形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)前面可以加much/a little/even/still,而表示數(shù)量的 more 之 前還可以加some/ any/ no/ one/ two/ many/ several/ a lot等詞。如：It is much colder todaythan yesterday.( 今天 比昨天 冷多了)/ Would you like some more coffee?( 你還 要些咖 啡 嗎?)/He did not eat any more.(他沒(méi)有再吃) 5、more than / less than分別可以理解為“多于/少于”,相當(dāng)于副詞,more than=over; lessthan=under.如：I lived in New York for more than four months.(我在紐約生活了四個(gè)多月) 6、“one of the+最高級(jí)+名詞(復(fù)數(shù))”整個(gè)短語(yǔ)為單數(shù)含義,謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)形式。如：One of theoldest houses has been burnt in a fire.(最古老的一幢房子在一場(chǎng)大火中被燒毀了) 7、“Which / Who+動(dòng)詞+形/副,□,□or□?”句型中,如果有兩個(gè)選項(xiàng),形/副用比較級(jí),如果有三 個(gè)選項(xiàng),形/副用最高級(jí)。如：Who has more books, Lin Tao or Han Mei?(林濤和韓梅誰(shuí)的書(shū)最 多?)/ Which is the heaviest,a pig,a horse or an elephant?(豬、馬、象哪個(gè)最重?) 8、上下文中含有both/either/neither/two/twins等表示兩個(gè)事物的詞時(shí),用比較級(jí),而且往往還 要加the;含有all/none/no one/ every等表示三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上事物時(shí),用最高級(jí)。如：--Do youlike the smaller one?—Neither.(小一點(diǎn)的那個(gè)你喜歡嗎?一個(gè)都不喜歡)/ --Which do you likebest? –All of them!(你最喜歡哪個(gè)?全部。)
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