來源:網絡資源 2023-02-17 19:01:30
歌訣解碼
一、三姊妹
賓語從句根據引導詞的不同可分為三種類型:
1. 由that引導的賓語從句。
如:
We knew (that)we should learn from each other.
2. 由if/whether引導的賓語從句。
如:
Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.
3. 由who,where,how等連接代詞或連接副詞引導的賓語從句。
如:
Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office?
二、三關
1. 引導詞關
如果從句是陳述句,引導詞用that(that在口語或非正式文體中常省略);如果從句是一般疑問句,引導詞用if/whether;如果從句是特殊疑問句,引導詞用由疑問詞轉換而來的疑問代詞/副詞。
2. 語序關
①陳述句變為賓語從句,語序不變,即仍用陳述語序。如:
He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said(that)he was an honest boy.
②一般疑問句和特殊疑問句變為賓語從句,語序變為陳述語序。如:
Does he work hard?I wonder.→I wonder if/whether he works hard.
When did he leave?I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left.
3. 時態關
①如果主句是現在的時態,從句的時態可根據實際情況而定。如:
I have heard(that)he will come back next week.
②如果主句是過去的某種時態,那么從句的時態一定要用過去的某種時態。如:
He said(that)there were no classes yesterday.
注意:如果賓語從句表述的是客觀真理、自然現象等時,不管主句是什么時態,從句都要用一般現在時。如:
He said that light travels much faster than sound.
三、人稱的變化和標點的使用
1. 從句的主語如果是第一人稱,變為賓語從句則與主句的主語一致;如果是第二人稱,則與主句的賓語一致;如果是第三人稱,不用變化。
如:
“May I use your knife?”He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife.
“Do you know her telephone number?”He asked me. →He asked me if I know her telephone number.
2. 賓語從句的標點均由主句決定。主句是陳述句,用句號;主句是疑問句,用問號。
如:
Who will give us a talk?I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a talk.
Do you know?Where does he live?→Do you know where he lives?
四、兩副面孔
if和when既能引導時間狀語從句,又能引導賓語從句。因此,遇到它們就要認真分析一下,它們究竟屬于“兩副面孔”的哪一副。如:
If it rains tomorrow,I won’t come.(時間狀語從句)
I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. (賓語從句)
五、從句的簡化
“
1. 當主句謂語動詞是find,see,watch,hear等感官動詞時,從句常簡化為,賓補為不帶to的不定式或V-ing形式。如:
She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.
簡化為不定式結構。
2. 當主句謂語動詞是hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree等,且主句主語與從句主語相同時,從句可如:
She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths.
“連接代詞/副詞+不定式”結構
3. 在連接代詞/副詞引導的賓語從句中,當從句主語與主句主語或間接賓語一致時,賓語從句可簡化為。如:
Can you tell me how I can get to the station?→Can you tell me how to get to the station?
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