2024年初中英語語法系列過去將來時

一. 過去將來時的含義

表示在過去某個時間看來將要發生的動作或存在的狀態。過去將來時常用于賓語從句中。例如：

I didn’t know if he would come.

我不知道他是否會來。

They never knew that population would become a big problem.

他們從來都不知道人口問題將會成為一個大問題。

She didn’t tell me where she would go.

她沒有告訴我她要去哪兒。

Betty said she would visit the Great Wall next Saturday.

貝蒂說下周六她要去參觀長城。

二. 過去將來時的用法

1.“would+動詞原形”常表示主觀意愿的將來。例如：

He said he would come to see me.

他說他要來看我。

He told me he would go to Beijing.

他告訴我他將去北京。

2.“was/ were+going to+動詞原形”常表示按計劃或安排即將發生的事。例如：

She said she was going to start off at once.

她說她將立即出發。

I was told that he was going to return home.

有人告訴我他準備回家。

此結構還可表示根據某種跡象來看，很可能或即將發生的事情。例如：

It seemed as if it was going to rain.

看來好像要下雨。

3. come， go， leave， arrive， start等瞬時動詞動詞可用過去進行時表示過去將來的含義。例如：

He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.

他說火車將于第二天早晨六點離開。

She told me she was coming to see me.

她告訴我她要來看我。

4. 條件狀語從句和時間狀語從句中須用一般過去時代替過去將來時。例如：

The teacher said that it would be very difficult to make progress if I didn’t work hard.

老師說，如果我不努力學習的話，就很難取得進步。

三. 過去將來時典型錯誤例析

1. 我們不知道他是否要在會上發言。

誤：We didn’t know whether he is going to speak at the meeting.

正：We didn’t know whether he was going to speak at the meeting.

析：該句主句為過去時，且賓語從句表示從過去某個時間看來將要發生的動作，所以從句要用過去將來時態。

2. 老師問湯姆長大后準備干什么。

誤：The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he would grow up.

正：The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he grew up.

析：在時間狀語從句中，常用一般過去時表示在過去看來將要發生的動作。

3. 他們說如果下星期天不下雨他們就去農場。

誤：They said that they were going to the farm if it would not rain the next Sunday.

正：They said that they were going to the farm if it didn’t rain the next Sunday.

析：在條件狀語從句中，也常用一般過去時表示在過去看來將要發生的動作。

4. 王林打電話告訴她媽媽，她要買一些書。

誤：Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she should buy some books.

正：Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she would buy some books.

析：過去將來時可以由“助動詞should/would+動詞原形”構成，但should一般只用于第一人稱。而would可用于各種人稱。

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